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¹ Central Fisheries Research Institute, P.K. 129, Kaþüstü, TRABZON DOI : 10.17693/yunusae.v2012i21907.235430 Viewed : 3117 - Downloaded : 2514 This study was done at three different stations off the coasts of Yomra, Trabzon between September 2007 and August 2008. Nansen bottle of 5 l was used for vertical phytoplankton sampling and standard type plankton net of 29 cm spread and 55 μm mesh size was used for horizontal sampling. 110 species of 6 classes were identified in the qualitative and quantitative samplings of phytoplankton. Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae formed the dominant groups in all months and at all stations. In terms of species composition, dinoflagellates were the dominant group with 47,3% and diatoms were the second with 46,4%. In total distribution of phytoplankton abundance, diatoms were found to be 65% and dinoflagellates 32%. Keywords : Black Sea, phytoplankton, abundance, species composition, annual distribution